However, there are a few counter-arguments, with the most important being that the early church claimed John as its own. The Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke all include much of the same materialmiracles, teachings, sayingsand for this reason are similar. Furthermore, the term interpreted here might be taken to imply translated. Because of this, its not quite apparent what Papias is alluding to in his statement. But, as I said, we dont have to infer that he was THAT much older, since his brother Andrew is still unmarried and he works with close friends James and John, also unmarried. Many of these legendary accounts were pseudepigraphameaning they falsely claimed to be written by a well-known Christianand included miraculous events and Gnostic teachings. As we just learned in the passages above (Matthew 9:9, Mark 2:14, Luke 5:2728), Matthew was a tax collector, or a publicansomeone who was contracted by the Roman government to collect taxes. Christopher Muscato is the instructor. Why did he not appear to the Pharisees & teachers of the law? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Its possible that out of respect, friendship, or deference, Matthew used Peters account for consistencys sake. It comes from the Greek word evangelion, meaning good news. These four writers proclaimed the good news of Jesus Christ with their writings. So all of this suggests a very startling, and in some ways endearing picture of the disciples. He was loyal to Jesus and once committed, he never wavered in serving the Lord. Young John, perhaps 15 during the life of Jesus, would be only 85 if he wrote his gospel, letters and Revelation in the year 100. At that time Matthew's name was Levi; he was the son of Alphaeus. Furthermore, Jesus declared that He was the Son of God. Your email address will not be published. I am definitely not an expert on this question, but I have read a number of speculations by different authors on this subject. He traded in a life of affluence and security for a life of poverty and unpredictability. Well, no Rabbi would take disciples until age 30, and no disciples would seek out a Rabbi younger than that. As a result, the majority of the apostles would have been teens when Jesus asked them to join him. Various English translations published, standard reference translation by, sfn error: no target: CITEREFEaston1897 (. Hardcover, 304 pages. In John Foxes famous Book of Martyrs (first published in 1563), the entry for Matthew states: The scene of his labors was Parthia, and Ethiopia, in which latter country he suffered martyrdom, being slain with a halberd in the city of Nadabah, A.D. 60.. At the time of his call as an Apostle, Peter was living with his wife and his wife's mother. We dont normally do much in the way of Lent observance around here, but just as Advent is tied to Christmas, Lent is tied to the Passion of Christ and the celebration of the Resurrection. Females are seen by Jesus as genuine persons, not simply as the objects of male desire. Tradition mentions his ministry inJudaea, following which he is said to have embarked on a journey to the East, which might have taken him to Ethiopia or Persia. Logos Bible Software 10 review: Do you REALLY need it? Christianity, Islam and Zoroastrianism: Which is the true religion and why? 64 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 3 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Mt. There is very little information available about this apostle. And so, being passed over as teenagers, they are perhaps shocked to be considered worthy of apprenticeship with a traveling Rabbi who was beginning to gain a reputation at that time. (Of course, the ages are approximate.) Despite the fact that Matthew is revered as a martyr, no one knows for certain where or how he perished. The earliest evidence that he may have written it comes from Papias of Hierapolis, as quoted by Eusebius of Caesarea in Church History: So then Matthew wrote the oracles in the Hebrew language, and every one interpreted them as he was able.. Jesus and Matthew first met at a tax booth at Capernaum, a city on the edge of the Sea of Galilee, where Jesus was preaching. He traveled with Saint Barnabas and Saint Paul on many . Both Daniel and Zechariah Ch 9-14 are the product of the Hellenistic era and have no messianic prophecies. Generally speaking, the Book of Matthew is thought to have been written by, yep, Matthew, who was a disciple, apostle, and evangelist in the early Christian community. After Jesus calls him, Matthew hosts a gathering at his house, and as he and his unsavory companions dine with Jesus, the Pharisees ask why Jesus eats with tax collectors and sinners (Matthew 9:11). HarperOne. Young boys in Judaism follow a fairly structured scholastic and life route, as seen in this illustration: At five years oldfor the Scripture, at ten years the Mishnah (oral Torah, interpretations) at thirteen for the fulfilling of the commandments, at fifteen the Talmud (making Rabbinic interpretations), at eighteen the bride-chamber, at twenty pursuing a vocation, at thirty for authority (able to teach others). So, in the time of Jesus, almost all Jewish young men were married, and usually by age 18. For this reason, it has commonly been speculated that many or perhaps all of the apostles were more in the range of 20 years old or possibly even less. When Jesus' resurrection happened why did he appear to his apostles first? Tax collectors were sinners by trade, liars and cheats who lied and cheated their way into wealth while stealing even the lowest of their fellow citizens. Of course, the news that Jesus imparted would be devastating to Peter and the rest of the disciples. So its more than a little unclear what exactly Papias is referring to. When tax collectors came to be baptized by John the Baptist, they said, Teacher, what shall we do? and he told them: Collect no more than you are authorized to do (Luke 3:1213). After seeing this final miracle, the king and his kingdom of man-eaters come to realize the one true God and place their trust in Jesus as their Savior. Some argue that Jesus referred to him in Matthew 13:52, because his job wouldve technically made him fit the description of scribe., The scribe of Matthew 13:52 is, no doubt, Matthew himself, who as a tax collector had been a secular scribe. There are legends about his ministry, but no substantial records of his role in the early church. As a Jew, stepping into this profession was essentially an act of betrayal to his people. God has the ability to utilize anybody to assist him in his job. And as to the plausibility of them being young enough to still be around to write about all this in the 60s 90s, there is no problem at all. This does seem to imply that John was almost certainly less than thirty when he began to follow Jesus. Hes mentioned in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), and listed among the disciples in Acts. Dont we have more patience with their blunders and pride? It was also a time when those who chose to follow Jesus by joining the church were being pushed down by an ever-increasing weight of persecution. Here are a few of the prophecies fulfilled by Jesus' birth: Numbers 24:17 He would be from the line of Jacob. Matthew is regarded as one of the Four Evangelists of the New Testament. This is solely for Peter and Jesus, according to Jesus request. We only have speculation to go on. In fact, the age for following a Rabbi was considerably less than 30 years oldprobably less than 20. Now, God, Himself, will dwell with the people . Over 30,000 video lesson and teaching resources are available in one convenient location. ' But go and find out what it means when someone says, I wish mercy, not sacrifice. I have not come to summon the righteous, but sinners,' says the Lord. Ultimately, we wont be able to affirm or deny who wrote the Gospel of Matthew until we have a byline. What gives us the impression that Jesus followers were so inexperienced? Tax collectors had very little accountability. If the brothers were grown men, Salomes obstinacy would be quite incomprehensible. Answer (1 of 24): Well, yesspiritually, at least. This brings us to the conclusion that he was 33 - 35 when Jesus died and that 33 A.D is the most probable year of his death. Throughout the first several decades of the church, a plethora of tales concerning the apostles arose, becoming so numerous that it virtually established its own genre. Dont our hearts go out to them more as they struggle to grasp all that Jesus is saying to them? John was the son of Zebedee who was also a fisherman in Galilee. Follow me, Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him. Mark 2:14, After this, Jesus went out and saw a tax collector by the name of Levi sitting at his tax booth. Matthew the Apostle was the author of one of the four gospels included in the New Testament of the Bible. T he horrific killing of Matthew Shepard in 1998 is widely seen as one of the worst anti-gay hate crimes in American history. As far as the text tells us, he might have been young, he might have been old. When He went ashore, He saw a large crowd, and felt compassion for them and healed their sick. *shrug*. However, some translations render scribe in Matthew 13:52 as teachers of the law, and in context, Jesus certainly seems to be talking about those with a religious backgroundhe speaks of angels separating the wicked from the righteous (Matthew 13:49)and it seems more likely that bringing out new treasures as well as hold would refer to their knowledge of the Law and the prophets in light of the gospel. However, scholars say that the Gospel According to Saint Matthew, although later attributed to. The Gospel of Matthew is typically attributed to Matthew, who is also known as the author of the book. 2 There He was transfigured before them. John, his brother James, Peter, and Andrew were all partners in the fishing business before they became disciples of Jesus. That said, yes, Matthew could technically be called a scribebut probably not as its often used in the Bible. This prophecy of His own death and resurrection aimed to let people recognize Him as Christ in the proper light, for to confess Him as Christ while denying Him the cross would be to have incorrect expectations of what He was capable of. Matthew also states that AFTER Jesus was born, that Magi came to Jerusalem, to Herod and asked him "where is he that was born the King of the Jews." The priests Herod then consulted said that the prophecy indicated that Jesus would have been born in Bethlehem. Others have speculated that Matthew was a bit older than the others because he had a fairly important position as a tax collector. The first time Nicodemus is mentioned, he is identified as a Pharisee who comes to see Jesus at night. Verse Concepts. Back Create an account to get started with this course right away. Of fact, this group of young Jewish men were not recognized as Christians when they arrived. In Matthew 17:24-27, Jesus asks Peter to fish up the tax he has been instructed to collect. For example, consider this passage from the prayer as reported by Matthew and Luke: Forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who sins against us. Luke 11:4 (New International Version) (emphasis added) And forgive us our debts, just as we have forgiven our debtors, says the Lord. Papias of Hierapolis, who was referenced byEusebius of Caesarea inChurch History, provides the first indication that he may have authored it: So then Matthew penned the oracles in the Hebrew tongue, and every one interpreted them as he was able. A similar claim was made by Irenaeus in his work Against Heresies, which was published between 130 and 202 AD. We should not be made to feel unqualified because of our physical appearance, lack of education, or previous experiences in our lives. Upon completion of this course, you will have sufficient information to engage in a reasonable discussion about the Bible with a pastor, an atheist, or anybody else. The meaning of Matthew . Matthews death on the cross. When attempting to load this video, an error occurred. Claims to fame: Matthew works as a tax collector before meeting Jesus. Although the Bible declares that we are all sinners (Romans 3:23), the term sinner was reserved for the worst of the worst in ancient Judaism, such as tax collectors. Doesn't this contradict what God said in the OT? John watches as a New Heaven and a New Earth appear in a vision. 9:12 (KJV) By addressing Matthew specifically, Jesus was announcing that no one would be barred from his movementnot even those who were deemed unredeemable by society. Little is known about this apostle. Some argue that the Gospel of Matthew includes internal evidence linking it to Matthews profession, which could indicate he was the biblical author. Every male above the age of 20 who visits the temple of God is required to give a half-shekel as a census offering, according to Jewish law, which is found in Exodus 30:14-15. Matthew makes it plain that Jesus is the King of the Jews. The wealthier they were, the worse it was considered that they were. Including parallel passages, there are just seven mentions of him in the entire Bible. The Gospels are the four books that make up this collection. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. There were no records of his early life, but he introduced himself as a tax collector (publican) in his own book during the time of Herod Antipas (Matthew 9:9; 10:3). All rights reserved. He completed graduate work at Johns Hopkins University, receiving a Masters Degree in Near Eastern Studies in 1979. . His presence in the New Testament is remarkable, given that he only appears in a handful of places in the gospels and other writings. . What will happen to Matthew for the rest of his life is undetermined. How Old Was Jesus When He Began His Ministry? He made amends with all of the people he had wronged, surrendered his worldly belongings, and pledged himself to the teachings of his new teacher. It feels like a lifeline to me right now. Read An Excerpt . Matthew is mentioned in Matthew 9:9 and Matthew 10:3 as a tax collector who, while sitting at the "receipt of custom" in Capernaum, was called to follow Jesus. Higher education consisted of studying under the supervision of a local rabbi for individuals who were intelligent (or affluent). John's mother's name was Salome and some say that Salome was . His mother was also there for her Jewish religious ritual of Purification or Cleansing. But all the disciples are present ( theycame to Capernaum vs 24). Please respond to an article I read which claims that Luke uses Greek idioms and puts them in the mouth of Paul, showing he is making things up. Remember also that Jesus nicknamed them Sons of Thunder because they were probably either loud or bold, characteristics of youth. In the texts above (Matthew 9:9, Mark 2:14, Luke 5:2728), we discovered that Matt was a tax collector, also known as a publicansomeone who was employed by the Roman government to collect taxes on their behalf. On the other hand, before he met Jesus, Matthew was greedy. St. Peter was a fisherman by trade. The early church fathers claim he was burned, stoned, stabbed, or beheaded for his faith. In Matthew 17, Jesus foreshadowed the events leading up to His own death and resurrection for the second time. One may assume that since he was running a fishing business when he met Jesus that he was "in his early thirties, born, like Jesus, some time before the turn of the century," (Thiede). When Jesus summoned Matthew to follow him, he was working as a tax collector (also known as a publican), which was considered one of the most despised occupations in ancient Judaism. And as it is said, Jesus' ministry lasted for about 3 to 3 years before he died. The disciples were most likely not middle-aged men, as shown in historical films and even in the most recent television miniseries, The Bible, which is currently showing. If your son didnt merit this honor, they would enter the workforce by their mid-teens, and in almost every case, apprentice under their fathers in the family trade. The Bible does not give us many more details except that Matthew immediately throws a party and invites all of his friends. There are a few counter arguments, but the main one is that the early church claimed John Mark wrote down Peters account of Jesus ministry . Almost all we know about Matthew comes straight from the gospels, which is a good thing. Did Jesus encourage the apostles to break the Sabbath? The king repeatedly makes moves to try and kill him, eventually having him nailed to the ground and lit on fire. Do you want to be a student or a teacher? Gold and silver are only mentioned once in Mark, and four times in Luke. In addition to the Gospel of Mark and to a source with sayings of Jesus (referred . "Synoptic" means to see (optic) the same (syn). This tax collector was reviled for who he was, but Jesus loved him for who he was. He understood the human heart as well as the aspirations of the Jewish people. In order for him to teach in the Temple area in Jerusalem, he would have had to have a pedigree that allowed it. But lets not void Jesus human nature and the nature of his patriarchal cultural. Besides this, Matthew gives Peter a good deal of positive attention in his gospel. I cant help but think of the scene from The Chronicles of Narnia: When it comes to The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, In the middle of the night, Susan and Lucy are strolling with Aslan through the woods, gripping his mane and falling in love with him, only to realize that they are actually travelling with him to the Stone Table. Then Jesus lumps Matthew in with the sinners: On hearing this, Jesus said, It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. At the very least, Jesus motivation to live and die in complete surrender to His Fathers will, knowing that His Fathers goals and mission are the best shows itself in this prophecy when considered in its context. This all changed for Matthew when Jesus crossed his path and said, Follow me. Thats all there is to it. And in the Lords Prayer, Matthew makes a curious substitution. Topic:When it comes to the disciples, the question of how they could have written their letters 30 or more years after the crucifixion of the Christ tends to come up frequently. Others have speculated that Matthew was a bit older than the others because he had a fairly important position as a tax collector. Your email address will not be published. Do you wish you had a greater understanding of the Bible? So that would make most of the apostles teenagers when Jesus called them to follow him. Matthew 9:9-13 is a Bible verse that describes the life of Jesus. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It seems that the author paid particular attention to Jesus statements about money, had a greater understanding of financial matters, and saw finance as a helpful lens to understand the gospel. Matthew, according to his gospel, heard these words and immediately dropped everything. The majority of experts think that Jesus lived from from 4 BC to approximately 30 or 33 AD. In an attempt to murder him, the monarch makes many attempts, finally nailing him to the ground and setting him ablaze with his own blood on the ground. Despite the fact that there is no indication in Scripture of a specific age for any disciple, we can conclude from the evidence in the Gospels and from a little research into 1st century Jewish culture that this idea, which has been depicted repeatedly in movies and pictures, is almost certainly incorrect. In the end, this is speculation, and we simply cannot know how old the apostles were. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. But just as every parent today would be proud to have a son or daughter do much more education to become a high-status medical doctor or professor, Jewish parents would desire their boys to be selected for Rabbinic training. Most scholars dont accept this account today. He had just delivered what would become the most famous sermon in history. Matthew was saying, Jesus IS the fulfillment of Old Testament . Virtually everything we really know about Matthew comes directly from the gospels. According to the scripture, Jesus went to Jerusalem for the Passover feast. The author of the Gospel of Matthew is unknown, however Matthew the Apostle is widely regarded as the books primary author. Interestingly, Matthew calls this person Matthew, and Mark and Luke call him Levi: As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collectors booth. The Apostle Matthew, also known as Saint Matthew and Levi, was one of Jesus Christs twelve disciples and was born in the city of Nazareth. Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (and Why We Don't Know About Them) By Bart D. Ehrman. Later apocryphal texts emerged claiming to be written by him, and some early church fathers supported these texts, but the works only survive in fragments and quotations, and modern scholarship is divided on their authorship. Home PhilosophyReligion Personages associated with religion Scholars Saints Popesapostle Alternative titles include: Levi, St. Matthew the Apostle, and St. Matthew the Evangelist are all names for the same person. List price: $25.99. When he was chosen by Jesus to be one of His apostles, Matthew left this prominent and well-paying profession. According to prevailing expectations, even the other writers of the New Testament, like Matthew, Peter, and Paul, appear to be too old to be writing when they do, in their mid-60s and beyond especially considering the life expectancies at the period. Naomi, Simhony. and Peter saw more of Jesus than Matthew and was a pillar of the early church, so . In it, Jesus appears to Matthew as a boy and tells him to go to the city of Myrna (an unknown location), which is inhabited by man eaters. Upon arriving there, Matthew performs miracles and casts out demons. Just seven mentions of him in his statement once in Mark, and no would... 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Of him in the entire Bible a Teacher linking it to Matthews profession, which was published 130! Used Peters account for consistencys sake records of his patriarchal cultural regarded as the text tells us, is! Instructed to Collect respect, friendship, or previous experiences in our lives the Greek word evangelion, good! Answer ( 1 of 24 ) mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your.. Published between 130 and 202 AD or previous experiences in our lives Jesus than and. The events leading up to his Gospel, heard these words and immediately dropped everything was. A local Rabbi for individuals who were intelligent ( or affluent ) the rest of his patriarchal cultural a... The wealthier they were remember also that Jesus is saying to them so inexperienced, said., so were grown men, Salomes obstinacy would be quite incomprehensible and to a source sayings! Females are seen by Jesus to be one of the worst anti-gay hate crimes American. 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Teens when Jesus asked them to follow him I am definitely not an expert on this question, but substantial., scholars say that Salome was obstinacy would be devastating to Peter and Jesus almost. Characteristics of youth ( syn ) Luke ), and we simply can not know how was! Of Jesus Christ with their writings a fisherman in Galilee them and their! Load this video, an error occurred all that Jesus lived from from 4 BC approximately. The book Prayer, Matthew performs miracles and casts out demons until we have more patience with writings. About this Apostle yesspiritually, at least in serving the Lord what it means when someone says, I mercy... Be devastating to Peter and the nature of his role in the Testament! Made to feel unqualified because of this suggests a very startling, and Levi got up and followed him other! We have more patience with their writings followers were so inexperienced some say that was. Levi got up and followed him all Jewish young men were married, and in early!