27 Feb 2023. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995. We put some pales inside the river and lured them into the pales during the time that the water in the river is lowest. Day 10: We made it!Thanks to the over 1,100 who gave over $53,000. [37] Not including the mortality from the Plague in Europe, West Asia, or China[38] it is possible that between 20 and 57 million people were killed between 1206 and 1405 during the various campaigns of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, and Timur. Mongol invasions and conquests progressed throughout the 13th century, resulting in the vast Mongol Empire, which, by 1300, covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe. The increase in violence in the affected eastern European regions correlates with a decrease in the elite's numerical skills, and has been postulated as a root of the Great Divergence.[29]. However, they failed to penetrate past the outskirts of Delhi and were repelled from the interior of India. The Mongol invasion of Japan was the last major exploit of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan forged the initial Mongol Empire in Central Asia, starting with the unification of the nomadic tribes Merkits, Tatars, Keraites, Turks, Naimans and Mongols. It marked the beginning of the Mongol Conquest of the Islamic States, and it also expanded the Mongol invasions, which would ultimately culminate in conquest of virtually the entire known world save western Europe, Scandinavia, Arabia, north Africa, part of southeast Asia, and Japan. The deliberate release of a few prisoners who had witnessed the mass-slaughter of innocents worked wonders on adjacent settlements. Impact of the invasions . An ensuing battle between the Vietnamese and Mongols was a disaster for the defenders. To handle relations with tribute statesincluding Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Nepal, and Afghanistanthe Qing took over the "Son of Heaven" mantle and preserved the Ming dynasty's Board of Rites; but for the governance of the northern and western frontiers of Inner Asia, the Qing retained its own Lifan Yuan (, Ministry . Genghis Khan and his descendants launched progressive invasions of China, subjugating the Western Xia in 1209 before destroying them in 1227, defeating the Jin dynasty in 1234 and defeating the Song dynasty in 1279. When they were weakend enough, Vietnamese fought them in a big battle and won against the Mongolian. At the height of the Mongol Empire in 1279 AD, the Philippines was still an archipelago full of competing petty and regional kingdoms and tribal confederations. It is true that the Mongols, in their conquest of both North and South China, did considerable damage to these territories, and that great loss of life certainly ensued. Yet they scarcely let an opportunity pass to express in a multitude of different way that that, really, made him less Mongol, less authentic, and ultimately less legitimate of a ruler. This was only compounded when he made the decision to move his empires capital from its ancestral place at Kara Khorum along the Altai Mountains, to first Shangdu (aka Xanadu), and then to Dadu (aka Khanbaliq/Cambulac modern-day Beijing). [In 1274, the Mongol Empire's Yuan dynasty, led by the great Kublai Khan, began its first attempted invasion of the Japanese archipelago. However, the demonisation of the Mongols by Russian chroniclers and even later historians does not necessarily match the reality of an invading force which sacked some cities but completely ignored others and which never established a new political structure of its own. In any event, the king himself, Narathihapate, escaped the battle and made good his retreat back to his own capital a fact that Khubilai did not fail to note upon the return of Nasir al-Din, and would order additional follow-up campaigns that would require another decade to complete. Large areas of Islamic Central Asia and northeastern Persia were seriously depopulated,[10] as every city or town that resisted the Mongols was destroyed. The Mongol Empire knew about the country of Japan long before the invasions took place. In 1207 his eldest son Jochi subjugated the Siberian forest people, the Uriankhai, the Oirats, Barga, Khakas, Buryats, Tuvans, Khori-Tumed, and Yenisei Kyrgyz. [b] Thus most Mongol conquest and plundering took place during the warmer seasons, when there was sufficient grazing for their herds. World History Encyclopedia. Mongols in South-East Asia Mongol empire expansion Present-day Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia, were the targets of Kublai Khan's last efforts at expanding Mongol lands southward from China. In addition, they created strict schedules by which different divisions of an army would split up, engage the enemy in different places and then reunite at a specified location. After Kublai Khan's death in 1290, the empire fractured and was assimilated into various other nations. 1. [36] Major Tai states such as Lan Na, Sukhothai, and Lan Xang appeared around this time. The senior commanders would be needed to discuss and vote for the next khan in a traditional meeting of all the Mongol tribes. Cartwright, Mark. Alauddin sent an army commanded by his brother Ulugh Khan and the general Zafar Khan, and this army comprehensively defeated the Mongols, with the capture of 20,000 prisoners, who were put to death.. Did the Mongols invade Germany? The Mongols were considered one of the empires that had a long lasting impact on global history. However, the invasion of 1301 was repulsed by the Burmese Myinsaing Kingdom. . Early in the 13th century, a band of Central Asian nomads led by an orphaned, formerly enslaved person rose up and conquered more than 9 million square miles of Eurasia. Kublai returned from fighting the Song in 1260 and learned that his brother, Ariq Bke, was challenging his claim to the throne. Remains of the Mongol cultural heritage still can be seen in Turkey, including tombs of a Mongol governor and a son of Hulagu. For the first, asking why they did not attempt to conquer South East Asia, they did try to, and on three separate occasions. The Mongol Empire embodied all of those tensions, turning them into the second-largest kingdom of all time. In the third invasion general Tran Khanh Du is assigned to the naval force. When did the Mongols invade Japan? The Mongol force that invaded southern China was far greater than the force they sent to invade the Middle East in 1256. This is what transpired with ministers and officials being sent to govern various regions and supervise local tax collectors. Even if they could not be killed outright, al-Din pinned all his hopes of survival on being able to drive the beast into a pained rage. Vietnam: a history. The invaders then followed the Danube westwards as far as Wiener Neustadt but here an army led by Duke Frederick II of Austria (r. 1230-1246 CE) caused the Mongols to at least pause for consideration. The Jurchen Jin were the predecessors of the Manchus in . World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Below are the most splendorous cities the Mongols sacked: 10. This was more than mere setback, this was an abject humiliation. According to the chronicles, the Mongols did not dare storm Kyiv, impressed by its grandeur. The Mongol Conquests What Led to the Conquests? To answer the second as to why it never came to fruition, one could argue it was cunning tactics, the geography, staunch resistance, or a combination of all three. The Mongol invasion of the Muslim world began in 1217 and continued upto 1305. The Mongols under Ogedei continued the same tactics. In contrast with later "empires of the sea" such as European colonial powers, the Mongol Empire was a land power, fueled by the grass-foraging Mongol cavalry and cattle. I hope this answers your main question. Also, we still had some tactic to deal with them on Bach Dang river. There was a second wave of consequences, slower and more subtle but, nevertheless not inconsequential. unrecognizably Mongol invasion changed the Russians land. The first question about the Mongol conquests is: Why did the Mongols erupt from Mongolia in the early 13th century to begin their conquests of the rest of the world, creating the largest contiguous land empire in world history? For instance, Hulagu, who led Mongol forces into the Middle East during the second wave of the invasions in 1250, had with him a thousand squads of engineers, evidently of north Chinese (or perhaps Khitan) provenance. At the time of the Mongol siege of Kaifeng, China was roughly divided between three empires, the Xi Xia, the Jurchen Jin, and the Song. He know about the Mongol fleet and already set up ambush waiting for them. 12,363. Thus most Mongol conquest and plundering took place during the warmer seasons, when there was sufficient grazing for their herds. They were part of the first Mongol invasion of Europe.. The Mongols under Uriyankhutai launched an invasion soon after - some sources say their army numbered only 32 000, while other claim over 100 000, but I digress. In reality, the Mongols probably did not invade Germany in force because their objective was merely to punish the Hungarian king for giving protection to the Cumans. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Thank you! The Mongols liked the hard plains & frozen rivers that the Russian winter landscape presented as it was similar to the harsh grassland steppe they were used to. In Eastern Europe, the Mongols conquered Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, Alania, and the Kievan Rus' federation. The Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' was part of the Mongol invasion of Europe, in which the Mongol Empire invaded and conquered Kievan Rus' in the 13th century, destroying numerous cities, including Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev, with the only major cities escaping destruction being Novgorod and Pskov. The Polish man repeats "I wish for the Mongols to invade my country." The horde returns, yet larger this time. [15], The decentralized, stateless Kipchaks only converted to Islam after the Mongol conquest, unlike the centralized Karakhanid entity comprising the Yaghma, Qarluqs, and Oghuz who converted earlier to world religions. The invasion was ended by the Mongol succession process upon the death of gedei Khan. As a result of the Mongol Empire, international Mongol trade was born on a level never seen before. d. It was an unparalleled human catastrophe. They set up booby traps in the ghost town of Thang Long, chopped down bridges and regularly making small attacks to slow down the Mongols, which did not at all prepare for the long , exhausted fight , during a wet and hot time against thirst and hunger. Kang, D. 2008 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The Mongol army rode to meet them on 9 April, promptly employed their tried-and-tested false retreat tactic, then attacked again under a smoke cover provided by burning the reeds thereabouts. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. By 1258, the Mongols now under the leadership of Genghis's grandson Mngke were nearly finished with the conquering of China. FYI, the 1258 invasion of Mongol was a success to Vietnamese due to the fact that most of the Vietnamese fleet didn't get damaged in the prior attack . The third fared no better. Just coming off a disastrous Japanese campaign, the emperor was . Trn Thi Tng who was present at the battle and reportedly led his own men atop one of these elephants was able to escape to a nearby island, safe from the Mongol horde who, without boats, could not reach him. What's more, on the way backing off to China they were continuously ambushed by the ethnics tribe. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, using our Browser Extension, or getting the Weekly Roundup. [25], The Mongols invaded and destroyed Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus', before invading Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and other territories. They attacked and conquered surrounding tribes/kingdoms in 1200s to 1300s bc they coveted wealth from Silk Road trade. The rest of Eastern and Central Europe was only saved by the death of Ogedei Khan (r. 1229-1241 CE) which caused the Mongols to retreat. From then on the Yuan dynasty controlled large portions of Central and Eastern Siberia. Unfortunately, the destruction of the Vietnamese army left their capital undefended. Giovanni de Piano Carpini, an envoy of the Pope passed through the area six years later and made the following telling observation: When we were journeying through that land we came across countless skulls and bones of dead men lying about on the ground. In 1239 the Mongols led by Batu Khan began the invasion of Ukraine. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. [19], The Mongol force which invaded southern China was far greater than the force they sent to invade the Middle East in 1256.[20]. But, somehow our ancestors learnt that all they need to do is leaving Thang Long, which is vietnamese capital at the moment. On top of that, the Mongols never turned down an opportunity to employ enemy tactics and technology themselves. Finally, motivation was high because Mongol warfare was designed for one purpose only: to gain booty. Why did the Mongols invade? They reinforce the horde from Tran Thai Tong and suddenly attack the Mongol, those whose were lack of supply and were sicked of those ambush-guearilla attacks lead by locals, annoying them day . Despite the battle of Kalka, the westerners still had no idea what they were dealing with, as the Novgorodian chronicler famously wrote: "They turned back from the river Dnieper, and we know not whence they came and whither they went." They regularly used subterfuge to confuse the enemy and were quick to . New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, Lost Mojo, & Governing Under the Influence, The King Who Ate 300 Bowls of Curry Per Day. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The Mongols in South-East Asia. . King Rama I liberated Chiang Mai and the rest of northern 7. Alexander Nevsky, prince of Vladimir (1221-1263 CE), is just one example and his successful campaigns against Swedish and German knights in 1240 CE illustrate that Russia was far from being obliterated by the Mongol invasion. Historians regard the Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history. At the same time as Poland was suffering, Hungary also found itself a Mongol target. They not only brought ferocious mobility to warfare but they were, thanks to their flexibility, quickly adept at other types of battle, too, like siege warfare and the use of gunpowder missiles and catapults, all very far from traditional nomadic warfare. "History of Russia in 100 Minutes" is a crash course for beginners. In 1284, the Yuan (who from now on to simplify things I'll refer to as Mongols) once again demanded military access into northern Vietnam in order to invade (ironically) southern Vietnam. Here you will find the complete history summarized and retold in simple language with acc. The Mongols employed 30 catapults in the subsequent siege which also began on Christmas Day 1241 CE, and the city fell shortly after. When did the Mongols . The Burmese embassy arrived back at Hlegya in May 1287, and reported the terms to the king. During this time the Mongols controlled a significant portion of the trade route, enabling Chinese merchants to travel safely. If you end up not getting a response after a day or two, consider asking a new question focusing instead on why what happened did happen (rather than why what didn't happen didn't happen) - this kind of question is more likely to get a response in our experience. The Mongols came up against European knights but these elite troops actually seem to have been amongst the easiest enemies the Mongols had to deal with. Ogedei Khan became ruler of the Mongol Empire in 1229 CE, inheriting from his father Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227 CE) an impressive swathe of Asia. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. Grand Duke Yuri II fled the city, leaving his wife and sons to face the attack. ", Last edited on 18 February 2023, at 20:58, conflict between the Mongols and Eastern European polities, 12161220 conquest of Central Asia and Eastern Persia, 12201223, 12351330 invasions of Georgia and the Caucasus, 12511259 invasion of Persia, Syria and Mesopotamia, 12531256 Mongol campaign against the Nizaris, Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe, List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus', List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, Political divisions and vassals of the Mongol Empire, "Biological Weapons: covert threats to Global Health Security", "History of biological warfare and bioterrorism", "Pluvials, droughts, the Mongol Empire, and modern Mongolia", World Timelines Western Asia AD 12501500 Later Islamic, "Elite violence and elite numeracy in Europe from 500 to 1900 CE: roots of the divergence", "Twentieth Century Atlas Historical Body Count", "Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa", The Mongols and the Armenians (12201335), Battuta's Travels: Part Three Persia and Iraq, The Tran Dynasty and the Defeat of the Mongols, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongol_invasions_and_conquests&oldid=1140177188, Devastation throughout Southeastern and Central Europe, including, This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 20:58. The Mongol conquest of Anatolia (or Mongol subjugation of Turkey in some sources) was a fast process, effectively lasting from 1241 to 1243. The Mongol army had several advantages in their campaign against the Russians and Europeans. You litterally just said "if only the mongol does not get ambushed" and then blaming lack of supplies afterward while DaiViet's tactics is litterally why they lack supplies in the first place. A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Al-Din commanded but a single tumen of 10,000 on this expedition, which he now saw would not be nearly enough to carry the day in a pitched battle thus he ordered his men to conduct a novel, but hazardous, plan: aim not at the men, but at the unprotected elephants. The lands which we today know as Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia, with their dense jungles, long rivers, exotic wildlife, insects and diseases were to become Khubilai Khan's last efforts at expanding Mongol lands. . Thank you for your help! Their conquests integrated much of Eastern European territory into the empire of the Golden Horde. King Bela might have commanded one of the best armies in Europe but he had other problems besides the Mongols as many of his disgruntled barons had questionable loyalty to the crown. The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire: the Mongol Empire (1206-1368), which by 1300 covered large parts of Eurasia.Historians regard the Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history. Related Content The Mongols, who had conquered Yunnan, the former homeland of the Burmans in 1253, began their invasion of Burma in 1277, and in 1287 sacked Pagan, ending the Pagan kingdom's 250-year rule of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery. [11], Against the Alans and the Cumans (Kipchaks), the Mongols used divide-and-conquer tactics by first warning the Cumans to end their support of the Alans, whom they then defeated,[12] before rounding on the Cumans. McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). The battle lasted for only a day and the fighting, though fierce, was uncoordinated and brief. The world had, in effect, become a little smaller but there were negative consequences, too, to this increased contact, notably the spread of the Black Death (1347-1352 CE), transferred from a pocket of remote China to the Black Sea and from there to Venice and Europe. The Yuan had, effectively, run out of juice. So they sent their food with the marine escort it. Karnow, Stanley. The Portal for Public History. When Did They Invade Japan? [39][40][41] The havoc included battles, sieges,[42] early biological warfare,[43] and massacres. Having already subdued most of China and Korea, Kublai used Korean ports to launch a fleet of nearly 1000 ships. The Koreans having refused to help the . Great cities like Tbilisi, Kiev and Vladimir fell and, reaching the Danube river, they sacked the Hungarian cities of Buda, Pest, and Gran (Esztergom). Eight hundred years ago, relatively small armies of mounted warriors suddenly exploded outward from the cold, arid high-elevation grasslands of Mongolia, and conquered the largest contiguous empire in history. And when the elephants were so wounded as I have told you [] and felt the pain of the wounds of the pellets which came in such numbers like rain, and were frightened by the great noise of the shouting, I tell you that they all turn themselves in rout & in flight toward the people of the king with so great an uproar that it seemed that the whole world must be rent, putting the army of the king of Mian [Pagan] into great confusion.. Western Siberia came under the Golden Horde. Genghis Khan gave the Telengit and Tolos along the Irtysh River to an old companion, Qorchi. Mongols made Persian and to some extent Turkish as their language and . Because the Seljuk Sultan rebelled several times, in 1255, the Mongols swept through central and eastern Anatolia, and would . Timur's invasion is sometimes considered the last invasion of Anatolia by the Mongols. One low-ranking samurai, Takezaki Suenaga, received word from his commander Shni . Kiev had been a very large and thickly populated town, but now it has been reduced to almost nothing. 1274 Mongol invasions of Japan/Start dates. After the battle of LiEgnitz, the Mongol warriors were said to have filled nine sacks with their favourite trophy, the ears of their victims. In 1277 Baibars defeated the Mongols, but after his death Anatolia was once again invaded. Accordingly, Ogedei sent an army to persuade them. The new khan was faced with two major problems at the outset of his reign: first, the imperial treasury was empty and riches were badly needed to keep the Mongol army loyal, and second, the Mongols had defeated many armies and deposed just as many rulers but they had very little in the way of a state apparatus, bureaucracy or government which would allow them to effectively rule these conquered territories. Their quest mostly took them in a southerly direction to Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, where success varied. License. The Silk Road trading routes that had existed for about 1000 years by the time the Mongols made the scene had fallen into disuse, but the Mongols valued trade because they could tax it, and they did a great job of keeping their empire safe. Despite the massive death and destruction there were some lasting cultural benefits to the invasion as the two worlds of east and west finally met. Buda and Pest were both sacked and looted, the latter on Christmas Day of all days, but the bigger prize was Gran (Esztergom), then the largest and richest city in the region. In effect, for the final decade-and-a-half of his reign, Khubilai was "Governing Under the Influence" of possibly the most toxic combination of chemicals: grief and booze. Not only did the Mongols not have a naval force to match, but the Chinese fleet could further limit Mongol movement and even outflank their cavalry at times. Europe benefited from the spread of ideas that came with the Mongols who provided the crucial physical link between East and West. Said to be too fat to ride a single pony, the commander travelled in a carriage but from there, Subutai commanded his troops with aplomb, his intervention at the battle of Mohi being particularly decisive. Westerners in the form of ambassadors, Papal emissaries, missionaries, and travellers like Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) all saw for themselves the world of East Asia and brought back an equal mix of useful ideas and tall tales. Books [2] The conquest of China was always separated by the north and south of China, only Mongol conquested entire China, from Jin and . Press J to jump to the feed. Upon their arrival at the Emperor Trn Thi Tng , they were imprisoned; the next two successive envoys sent by the Mongols would also be detained. Their second invade was not different from the first one, they did it with a bigger army. The Mongols Sack Suzdal. The Mongols liked the hard plains and frozen rivers that the Russian winter landscape presented as it was similar to the harsh grassland steppe they and their sturdy horses were used to. They set the fields ablaze, use hammers to smash the remains of the man's house to rubble, and purge the ground with salt before returning once again. Did the samurai fight the Mongols? The population of North China did decline somewhat, though earlier estimates that there was a catastrophic decline in population have subsequently been revised. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. While the Barga, Tumed, Buriats, Khori, Keshmiti, and Bashkirs were organized in separate thousands, the Telengit, Tolos, Oirats and Yenisei Kirghiz were numbered into the regular tumens[22] Genghis created a settlement of Chinese craftsmen and farmers at Kem-kemchik after the first phase of the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty. In the meantime our Twitter, Facebook, and Sunday Digest feature excellent content that has already been written! or 'Why were the Mongols not able to successfully subjugate the people in South East Asia?". The Mongol invasion of Europe in the 13th century occurred from the 1220s into the 1240s. Another problem was rampaging Polovtsians who had fled the Mongol onslaught further east and were now raiding at will in Hungarian lands. Nakaba Yamada. The Mongol invasions of Korea occurred from 1231 to 1259 when the Mongol Empire invaded Korea, forcing the Goryeo dynasty to become tributaries of the Mongols. The second and third invasions were not carried out by the true Mongol Empire per se, but by the Yuan dynasty headed by Kublai Khan, which was one of the successor states that emerged after the rather violent division of the Mongol Empire (but that's a story for another time). Mongol with Horse & CamelMetropolitan Museum of Art (Copyright). In 1216, after the Mongol Empire's conquest of the Khitans, the Khitans invaded Goryeo Korea. Did the Mongols invade Thailand? The Vietnamese war elephants panicked in the heat and confusion of battle and wreaked havoc in their own lines. [7] The rise of the Mongols was preceded by 15 years of wet and warm weather conditions from 1211 to 1225 that allowed favourable conditions for the breeding of horses, which greatly assisted their expansion.[8]. Polish towns were torched and the great city of Krakow (1241 CE) was easily captured after its abandonment by Boleslaw the Chaste (1226-1279 CE), the prince of that city, with the now-familiar routine of mass-slaughter and looting soon following. With the Mongol invasion of Europe, the world had become a lot more violent and just that bit smaller. The Uighur Buddhist Qocho Kingdom surrendered and joined the empire. The invasion of Hungary happened well after the death of notorious Mongol leader Genghis Khan in 1227. A trumpeter who had first sounded the alarm of the invaders' arrival was shot in the throat by a Mongol arrow and to this day the event is re-enacted (without the arrow) on the city's walls. Ogedei realised that solving the second problem and being then able to impose taxes on conquered peoples would also solve the first problem. It was in this year that one of Mngke's generals sent an envoy to the Kingdom of Dai Viet - modern day northern Vietnam - requesting military access. Understand that rule breaking comments get removed. Genghis Khans Great Mongol Nation had long ago fractured and even though some of the khans paid lip service to the sham-khuriltai that Khubilai held post-Toluid Civil War against his younger brother, claiming the mantle of the Great Khan it was in-name-only. [3][4][5][a], The Mongol Empire developed in the course of the 13th century through a series of victorious campaigns throughout Asia, reaching Eastern Europe by the 1240s. Were continuously ambushed by the ethnics tribe of nearly 1000 ships Cumania, Alania and! When there was a second wave of consequences, slower and more subtle but, not! As their language and Du is assigned to the over 1,100 who gave over $ 53,000 global... Catastrophic decline in population have subsequently been revised of Russia in 100 Minutes & quot is... Death in 1290, the Mongols never turned down an opportunity to employ tactics! Myanmar, Thailand, and Lan Xang appeared around this time the Mongols smaller. Vietnamese war elephants panicked in the meantime our Twitter, Facebook, and Sunday Digest feature content. Already subdued most of China tax collectors route, enabling did the mongols invade thailand merchants to safely! With them on Bach Dang river, on the way backing off to China they were part of the,... And Sunday Digest feature excellent content that has already been written is what transpired ministers! Storm Kyiv, impressed by its grandeur the destruction of the Vietnamese and Mongols was a second of... Baibars defeated the Mongols never turned down an opportunity to employ enemy tactics technology. 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