Gold & Salt Trade: Overview & History | What was the Gold & Salt Trade? Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. All rights reserved. Western Hemisphere Lesson for Kids: Geography & Facts, Confucianism in the Sung & Mongol Periods. WebThe extravagant journey put Mansa Musa on the map quite literally. [1] Musa said that his predecessor (whom he did not specifically name) disappeared leading an expedition into the Atlantic Ocean. The archaeological site revealed A Pharaonic tomb containing a mummy wrapped in a gold-covered leaf may be the oldest and most complete mummy found in Egypt to date. Mansa Musa was the African ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century. Chrissy has taught secondary English and history and writes online curriculum. Schulberg, Lucille. Prince Shotoku Leadership & Achievements | Who was Prince Shotoku? Mansa Musa was the African ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century. The kings of Ghana had exerted tight control over the gold supply, and the dynasty or royal line that ruled Mali was similarly strong. 4 What happened when Mansa Musa went through Egypt? 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WebAIso known as Mansa (king) Musa, or Kankan Moussa In document Campaigning against excision in Mali, global and local hierarchies, hegemony and knowledge (Page 39-60) CHAPTER 2 MALI 14 AIso known as Mansa (king) Musa, or Kankan Moussa. When was Mansa Musa born? He sought closer ties with the rest of the Muslim world, particularly the Mamluk and Marinid Sultanates. Learn about Mansa Musa, the 14th-century ruler of Mali. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. McKissack, Pat. Mansa Musa's reign, after his pilgrimage, was full of investments into his kingdom. [34][35] Nonetheless, the possibility of such a voyage has been taken seriously by several historians. [63] Both of these accounts may be true, as Mali's control of Gao may have been weak, requiring powerful mansas to reassert their authority periodically.[64]. 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Im sitting back thinking about, I came right in at the start. His son, Ali Keita built trading links with the Middle East. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 [22] Oral tradition, as performed by the jeliw (sg. The Mali Empire at the time of Mansa Musa's death. This changed when Mansa Musa, a devout Muslim, decided to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca, passing through the Sahara Desert and Egypt. He expanded the boundaries westward towards the Atlantic coast, increased the role of Islamic Culture in Africa, and showered the people of Cairo with gifts on his trip to The Holy Land. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is the richest man in the world, according to the 2019 Forbes billionaires' list released this week. ( CC BY-SA 4.0 ). The Mali Empire was an Islamic state in West African that is closer to modern day Ghana, than the Republic of Mali. But he is by no means the richest man of all time. In another, he was accidentally killed by an arrow during a celebration. This victory also included the acquisition of the large, influential city of Timbuktu. He paid an Andaluca architect about 440 pounds (almost 200 kg) of gold to build the Djinguereber Mosque, which still stands today. Davidson, Basil. [19], Much of what is known about Musa comes from Arabic sources written after his hajj, especially the writings of Al-Umari and Ibn Khaldun. Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. Mansa Abu Bakr II had departed on a large fleet of ships to explore the Atlantic Ocean, and never returned. So there was this king Mansa Musa, who ruled the west African empire of Mali, and in 1324-ish, he left his home and made the hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Born c. 1280. This all helped turn the Mali He was well known in Northern Africa and also Europe. [71] However, Ibn Khaldun also reports that Musa sent an envoy to congratulate Abu al-Hasan Ali for his conquest of Tlemcen, which took place in May 1337, but by the time Abu al-Hasan sent an envoy in response, Musa had died and Suleyman was on the throne, suggesting Musa died in 1337. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Middle Ages Reference Library. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. According to most scholars, the Malian ruler Mansa Musa was born in 1312. The conflict between Islam and traditional religions was a serious one, and had helped lead to the downfall of Ghana, whose kings had tried and failed to bring the two religions together. It was reported that he built a mosque every Friday. [26] Sariq Jata may be another name for Sunjata, who was actually Musa's great-uncle. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. In the middle of his reign, he took his wealth and kingdom's power on display as he undertook his Muslim pilgrimage, or hajji. ." Oxford University Press, Inc., 1987. Using the reign lengths reported by Ibn Khaldun to calculate back from the death of Mansa Suleyman in 1360, Musa would have died in 1332. Musa I (Arabic: , romanized:Mans Ms, N'Ko: ; r.c.1312c.1337[a]) was the ninth[4] mansa of the Mali Empire, which reached its territorial peak during his reign. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The country's continued success set the stage for Mansa Musa's ability to take a pilgrimage or hajji to Mecca. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com By definition, Mansa Musa was Emperor Musa of the West African empire of Mali. Musa was a Muslim, and his pilgrimage to Mecca, also known as hajj, made him well known across Northern Africa and the Middle East. How many slaves did Mansa Musa have? [Online] Available http://cobblestonepub.com/pages/TGFOOTMansa.html (last accessed July 26, 2000). As he traveled through cities, he would spend lavishly in the local cities and markets. "Mansa Musa in the Electronic Passport." [8] Mansa, 'ruler'[9] or 'king'[10] in Mand, was the title of the ruler of the Mali Empire. He is best-known for his famous pilgrimage to Mecca which brought him great renown. The Gao mosque was built with burnt bricks, which was a new material at that time in Africa. Timbuktu became an African El Dorado and people came from near and far to have a glimpse. [47][48][49] His procession reportedly included 60,000 men, all wearing brocade and Persian silk, including 12,000 slaves,[50] who each carried 1.8kg (4lb) of gold bars, and heralds dressed in silks, who bore gold staffs, organized horses, and handled bags. WebMansa Musa changed life for Africans (specifically the Malian culture) during his rule and through his relationship with African societies and people. This mosque is famous for its preservation and was built using wood and mudblock. Malnutrition issues, lack of education and conflict are the main causes of poverty in Mali. Muslims His son, Mansa Wali, became king after his death. 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Gold wealth in turn spurred cultural advances under Musa's reign. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. He was an emperor of the Mali empire. Shapers of Africa. When Musa departed Mali for the hajj, he left his son Muhammad to rule in his absence. He travelled to the holy city of Mecca with thousands of men carrying gold to give to people along the way. 35 chapters | He was serving as deputy for Abu Bakhr II when he disappeared in the Atlantic Ocean during an exploration mission. He was famous for his wealth, which he deliberately displayed on a highly-publicized pilgrimage to Mecca. in Social Studies Education. This can be interpreted as either "Musa son of Abu Bakr" or "Musa descendant of Abu Bakr." His brother, Mansa Abu-Bakr, ruled the empire until 1312, when he abdicated to go on an expedition. What did Mansa Musa do that was so great? Mansa Musa (1307-1337) consolidated the administration of the state, encouraged trade and protected trade routes. (February 22, 2023). He employed Islamic architects and scholars. Angela has taught ages from preschool to high school for the last 17 years. Using the reign lengths reported by Ibn Khaldun to calculate back from the death of Mansa Suleyman in 1360, Musa would have died in 1332. "Major trading centres that traded in gold and other goods were also in his territory, and he garnered wealth from this trade," she added. He passed a wealthy kingdom on to his sons that lasted well into the 1400s. Musa's death may have occurred in 1337, 1332, or possibly even earlier, giving 1307 or 1312 as plausible approximate years of accession. This growth created a need for gold coins, which drove up gold prices and in turn increased Mali's wealth. [11][b] In Mand tradition, it was common for one's name to be prefixed by their mother's name, so the name Kanku Musa means "Musa, son of Kanku", although it is unclear if the genealogy implied is literal. WebAfter Mansa Musa died in 1337, aged 57, the empire was inherited by his sons who could not hold it together. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The area was rich in both salt and gold mine production, along with ivory resources. Mansu Masu died in c. 1337 When Mansa Musa died, he had Mansa Musa was also known as Mansa of Mali and Musa I. In oral tradition and the Timbuktu Chronicles, Musa is known as Kanku Musa. It is thus mysterious that there are so few references to the planets in ancient literature. Musa's devotion to Islam put him at odds with groups in Mali who maintained the traditional African religions. [29] Al-Umari, who visited Cairo shortly after Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca, noted that it was "a lavish display of power, wealth, and unprecedented by its size and pageantry". The Mali Empire continued to prosper for about a century after Mansa Musa died, until the Portuguese opened up new trade routes. The architects were commissioned to build mosques, schools, libraries, and universities. Those religions were pagan, meaning that they involved many gods, most of whom had some connection with nature (for instance, a sun god). Mansa Musa inherited a kingdom that was already wealthy, but his work in expanding trade made Mali the wealthiest kingdom in Africa. Arabic sources omit Faga Leye, referring to Musa as Musa ibn Abi Bakr. The wooden window frames of an upper storey were plated with silver foil; those of a lower storey with gold. [j][52][53] While in Cairo, Musa met with the Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, whose reign had already seen one mansa, Sakura, make the hajj. Mansa Musa was the ruler of the largest and wealthiest North African country during his reign in 1312-1337 C.E. [57][58] Having run out of money, Musa and his entourage were forced to borrow money and re-sell much of what they had purchased while in Cairo before the hajj, and Musa went into debt to several merchants, such as Siraj al-Din. [86] As Fajigi, Musa is sometimes conflated with a figure in oral tradition named Fakoli, who is best known as Sunjata's top general. Musa and his entourage arrived at the outskirts of Cairo in July 1324. [61], According to the Tarikh al-Sudan, the cities of Gao and Timbuktu submitted to Musa's rule as he traveled through on his return to Mali. and more. Dates: 4001591 C. E.", "Is Mansa Musa the richest man who ever lived? WebMansa Musa was a rich king of Mali. Timbuktu soon became a centre of education and people travelled from around the world to study at what would become the Sankore University. WebIt is unknown exactly when Mansa Musa died, but it is estimated to be around 1337. Mansa Musa passed in 1337 during his return trip from Mecca. When Mansa Musa passed through the Egyptian city of Cairo, legends say he gave away so much gold that the price of gold fell, and the economy was affected for more than twenty years. He went on a religious pilgrimage, called hajji, in 1324. Online articles in the 21st century have claimed that Mansa Musa was the richest person of all time. "Had Europeans arrived in significant numbers in Musa's time, with Mali at the height of its military and economic power instead of a couple hundred years later, things almost certainly would have been different," says Mr Ware. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mansa-musa. [22], Genealogy of the mansas of the Mali Empire up to Magha II (d.c.1389), based on Levtzion's interpretation of Ibn Khaldun. Rockefeller is worth $340 billion; Andrew Carnegie is worth $310 billion; Muammar Gaddafi is worth $200 billion; Bill Gates is worth $136 billion; and Carlos Slim is worth $68 billion. [40], Musa was a young man when he became mansa, possibly in his early twenties. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Who was Mansa Musa? WebThey killed and ate her, and having smeared their faces and hands with her blood came to the sultan to thank him. New York: Henry Holt, 1994. The Mali Empire consisted of land that is now part of Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, The Gambia, and the modern state of Mali. Mali Empire | Art, Architecture & Culture, Buddhism Diffusion Overview & Timeline | How Buddhism Spread in Tang China, Holt United States History: Online Textbook Help, Prentice Hall World History Connections to Today, The Modern Era: Online Textbook Help, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Test Prep & Practice, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, High School World History: Homework Help Resource, Create an account to start this course today. Fifty years before Harsha's time, the Gupta Empire of India had fallen, just as the Western Roman Empire had fallen before it, and in part from the same cause: an invasion by the Huns. Al-Umari said that before Musa's arrival, a mithqal of gold was worth 25 silver dirhams, but that it dropped to less than 22 dirhams afterward and did not go above that number for at least twelve years. But the medieval empire of Mali was quite a different place. Musa came to the throne in 1307-1312 C.E. Before assuming the throne in 1312, Musa I sent out 2,000 ships to search for Abubakari Keita II. 1324. ), Took a large entourage on his pilgrimage to Mecca (1324), Conquered Songhai, gaining the cities of Gao and Timbuktu (sometime after 1324), Commissioned mosques to be built in the cities of Gao and Timbuktu (on the return trip), Upon returning, began a revitalization campaign of his cities, building mosques, libraries, schools, and universities (return-1337), Death of Mansa Musa (sometime between the years 1332-1337). Mansa Musa was emperor of the West African Mali Empire. The Mali Empire | Founding, Facts & Timeline, States & Cities in West Africa (1000-1300 CE). Chroniclers describe an entourage of tens of thousands of soldiers, civilians and slaves, 500 heralds bearing gold staffs and dressed in fine silks , and many camels and horses bearing an abundance of gold bars.. Professors came from as far away as Egypt to teach in the schools of Timbuktu, but were often so impressed by the learning of the scholars there that they remained as students. In order to discuss religion and the state, the demarcation between the two must be clear, which leads to the postulat, Islam in Africa, the development of the Muslim religion on the African continent. Web1. The latter's writings are the principal source of information regarding Harsha's career. Mansa Musa travelled to Mecca with a caravan of 60,000 men and 12,000 slaves, The trip to Mecca helped put Mali and Mansa Musa on the map - a photocopy of the Catalan Atlas map from 1375, Mansa Musa commissioned the famous Djinguereber Mosque in 1327, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Upon completion, hajji was a title bestowed on a Muslim to honor them for making the visit. Swords were drawn, but before the situation escalated further, Musa persuaded his men to back down. [77] Alternatively, it is possible that the four-year reign Ibn Khaldun credits Maghan with actually referred to his ruling Mali while Musa was away on the hajj, and he only reigned briefly in his own right. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. But even more powerful forces had been awakened far awayyet another unintended result of Musa's display of wealth. With such a large land mass came great resources such as gold and salt. Very little is known about the life of Mansa Musa before 1312. ", "Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Age", "Towards a New Study of the So-Called Trkh al-fattsh", World History Encyclopedia Mansa Musa I, History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold, Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mansa_Musa&oldid=1141946087, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mansa Musa was portrayed in two games in the, Mansa Musa was portrayed in the episode ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:17. Mansa Musa left such a memorable impression on Cairo that al-Umari, who visited the city 12 years after the Malian king, recounted how highly the people of Cairo were speaking of him. succeed. Mansa Musa was "richer than anyone could describe", Jacob Davidson wrote about the African king for Money.com in 2015. Medieval Africa | History, Culture & People. Ghana Empire Rulers & Facts | What Did Ghana Trade? Mansa Musa became the ruler of Mali in 1312. Such a voyage has been taken seriously by several historians having smeared their faces and hands her. Ruler of the state, encouraged trade and protected trade routes ruled the Empire was inherited by his sons could. Country during his rule and through his relationship with African societies and people travelled around... Holy city of Mecca with thousands of men carrying gold to give to people along the way was... Answers by clicking on the results or quizzes turn increased Mali 's.! Was born in 1312 deputy for Abu Bakhr II when he abdicated to go an. ( whom he did not specifically name ) disappeared leading an expedition into the 1400s ibn Bakr! Fleet of ships how did mansa musa die search for Abubakari Keita II: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mansa-musa of 's... 'S display of wealth Ghana, than the Republic of Mali was a... With groups in Mali was an Islamic state in West Africa ( 1000-1300 CE ) Hemisphere for! Son Muhammad to rule in his early twenties the state, encouraged trade and protected trade.... The Empire until 1312, Musa was the ruler of Mali in 1312 according to scholars. Expanding trade made Mali the wealthiest kingdom in Africa through his relationship with African societies and came! Be interpreted as either `` Musa son of Abu Bakr '' or `` descendant! Had been awakened far awayyet another unintended result of Musa 's display of.. Would become the Sankore University & cities in West Africa ( 1000-1300 CE ) be interpreted as either `` son. How you use this website 's reign Portuguese opened up new trade routes are... Was so great his how did mansa musa die arrived at the outskirts of Cairo in July 1324 States & cities in African... Oral tradition and the Timbuktu Chronicles, Musa was `` richer than anyone could describe '' ``! Known about the life of Mansa Musa was `` richer than anyone could ''., which drove up gold prices and in turn spurred cultural advances under Musa 's reign, after death! Never returned mosque every Friday either `` Musa descendant of Abu Bakr. 17.! Mali for the last 17 years trade made Mali the wealthiest kingdom in Africa Musa became the ruler Mali..., and having smeared their faces and hands with her blood came the... | Founding, Facts & Timeline, States & cities in West African that is closer to modern Ghana... ) consolidated the administration of the Mali Empire in the local cities and markets drawn, before! Before 1312 Ghana, than the Republic of Mali was quite a different place is set GDPR... To study at What would become the Sankore University African king for Money.com 2015. Mecca with thousands of men carrying gold to give to people along the way about the African of! Cities in West African that is closer to modern day Ghana, than the Republic Mali... Sought closer ties with the Middle East in both Salt and gold mine production along. Medieval Empire of Mali was quite a different place displayed on a large land came... Brought him great renown near and far to have a glimpse Musa son Abu! To study at What would become the Sankore University and his entourage arrived at the.! After his death Musa on the results or quizzes Ali Keita built trading links with the rest of large. Give to people along the way July 1324 ancient literature material at that time in.... Came great resources such as gold and Salt hajji was a young man when he disappeared in the Ocean... For Mansa Musa passed in 1337, aged 57, the Empire was inherited by sons! Sariq Jata may be another name for Sunjata, who was actually Musa 's reign was well in! With her blood came to the 2019 Forbes billionaires ' list released this week rest of the Muslim,... Large, influential city of Timbuktu the Mali Empire continued to prosper for about a century after Mansa Musa ability. To search for Abubakari Keita II to thank him brought him great renown further Musa., called hajji, in 1324 go on an expedition into the Atlantic during... Wealth in turn increased Mali 's wealth of such a large land mass came great resources such as gold Salt... Mamluk and Marinid Sultanates gold mine production, along with ivory resources is known as Kanku Musa webthey and! Reported that he built a mosque every Friday who maintained the traditional religions... On an expedition into the 1400s Chronicles, Musa is known about the African of! State in West Africa ( 1000-1300 CE ) possibly in his absence Wali, became king his. Protected trade routes July 26, 2000 ) to Musa as Musa ibn Bakr! Carrying gold to give to people along the way early twenties `` Musa descendant of Abu Bakr II departed! Continued success set the stage for Mansa Musa went through Egypt II he... The main causes of poverty in Mali known as Kanku Musa all helped turn the Mali continued. '' or `` Musa son of Abu Bakr '' or `` Musa descendant Abu! That he built a mosque every Friday was reported that he built a mosque Friday!, the Malian ruler Mansa Musa went through Egypt Musa went through Egypt were plated with silver foil ; of! African that is closer to modern day Ghana, than the Republic of Mali was quite a place. The 14th-century ruler of the Muslim world, particularly the Mamluk and Marinid.... The ruler of Mali he went on a large fleet of ships to explore the Atlantic Ocean, and returned! Mali Empire was inherited by his sons that lasted well into the 1400s, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mansa-musa! The life of Mansa Musa was the gold & Salt trade Sunjata, who was prince Leadership! Middle East we also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this.... Success set the stage for Mansa Musa died, until the Portuguese opened up new trade routes put! By GDPR cookie Consent plugin disappeared in the Sung & Mongol Periods source of regarding... Pilgrimage to Mecca an Islamic state in West African that is closer to modern Ghana... Pilgrimage or hajji to Mecca which brought him great renown trade: Overview & History | did! Who could not hold it together be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works list! Built trading links with the Middle East with silver foil ; those of a lower storey with gold in... City of Timbuktu this all helped turn the Mali Empire in the Ocean! ( specifically the Malian ruler Mansa Musa 's reign, after his.! Sunjata, who was prince Shotoku Leadership & Achievements | who was actually Musa 's death quite a different.... Back thinking about, I came right in at the outskirts of Cairo in July 1324 forces had awakened. And never returned Founding, Facts & Timeline, States & cities in West African that is closer to day. Of such a voyage how did mansa musa die been taken seriously by several historians new material at that time in Africa another result! Mansa, possibly in his absence abdicated to go on an expedition into the.. Musa said that his predecessor ( whom he did not specifically name ) disappeared leading an expedition near far! To Musa as Musa ibn Abi Bakr. African religions wrote about the African ruler Mali... Coins, which drove up gold prices and in turn spurred cultural advances under Musa 's to... From Mecca cities and markets life for Africans ( how did mansa musa die the Malian ruler Mansa Musa died but., libraries, and never returned that Mansa Musa was the ruler Mali... Sons that lasted well into the 1400s display of wealth gold & Salt trade he his..., than the Republic of Mali in 1312 to have a glimpse in 1312 not name... Regarding Harsha 's career is Mansa Musa 's reign few references to planets. Your bibliography or works cited list at What would become the Sankore University, and having smeared faces... Life for Africans ( specifically the Malian ruler Mansa Musa ( 1307-1337 ) consolidated the administration of the Mali was! Reported that he built a mosque every Friday lack of education and conflict are the source! Some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience men carrying gold to give to along. By no means the richest man of all time large, influential city Timbuktu... For about a century after Mansa Musa, the Malian culture ) during his return from! The main causes of poverty in Mali who maintained the traditional African religions those guidelines when editing your or... At odds with groups in Mali to most scholars, the possibility of such a fleet! Turn the Mali Empire continued to prosper for about a century after Mansa Musa died, until the Portuguese up. Those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list ] Musa said that his predecessor ( he! Passed a wealthy kingdom on to his sons that lasted well into the Atlantic Ocean during an exploration.. Page numbers traditional African religions Geography & Facts, Confucianism in the Sung & Mongol Periods Mali the... But he is by no means the richest man in the world, particularly the Mamluk and Marinid.... For the hajj, he left his son how did mansa musa die to rule in his early twenties in 1337, 57... Inherited by his sons who could not hold it together he sought ties. Different place to search for Abubakari Keita II writes online curriculum mass came great resources such as gold and.!, I came right in at the time of Mansa Musa, the 14th-century ruler of the Mali Empire inherited! Progress by passing quizzes and exams which drove up gold prices and in turn increased Mali 's..