Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is good for bones. Externally it is used to treat infestations of lice, scabies and as a chest rub in cases of bronchial disorders. Baking Soda. Rather, in case the taste is usually to be made more reasonable without losing the herbs qualities, you could add honey on the mixture as soon as the tea is quickly brewed as well as cooled. Anise for wrinkles can add tone to sagging skin. Chai tea, also known as masala chai, is made with spices and ingredients that may offer important health benefits. Anise seed contains relatively high concentrations of iron, which is an essential component of a red blood cell protein called hemoglobin. When diluted with coconut oil it even makes a treatment for teething infants. This can reduce bloating and help you lose water weight. Many Middle Eastern, Italian, German, and Indian recipes call for it. Store anise like you do other spices: in an airtight container and away from heat and light. It really is utilized outwardly just as one insecticide towards small pests just like lice, mites as well as vermin. In many cases, inflammation is considered a normal response by your immune system to protect against injuries and infection. It has volatile oils, the polymers of anethole, dianethole and photoanethole, coumarins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids, sterols, proteins as well as carbohydrates. In traditional Middle Eastern medicine, anise is used as a digestive aid that reportedly reduces gas . Aniseed has got outstanding expectorative qualities, and therefore its great for the management of cough, along with asthma. Star Anise Risks. Estrogenic effect of anise is liable for this particular health benefit. However, research on anise seeds effects on stomach ulcers is still very limited. http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/anise040.html That is why it's also good for you who experience problem related with the digestive tract. Additionally, this particular herb really should not be utilized while pregnant. They chewed anise seeds to help alleviate toothaches and drank anise tea for improved digestion, coughs, and to ease headaches. Quick ways to use peppermint essential oil for a toothache: Just combine peppermint oil with coconut oil on a ratio of 1:1 and then rub on the gum area. Read: Benefits of Drinking Elaichi Tea. Taking a combination of anise, fennel, elderberry, and sennamay help ease constipation, suggests a small study published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2010. Since it enhances digestive features, it is excellent treatment for the digestive problems. You can use anise to prepare tea, which some people believe can ease the symptoms of coughs and colds. Reduces Bloating In addition, anise has diuretic properties that can help flush excess water and toxins from the body. Anise seed functions an ideal expectorant within the body. Anise and fennel taste similar and are both in the parsley family, but theyre from different plants. The fairly sweet, powerful odor attracts fish. 2021 Healthbenefitstimes. Clove has been around for many thousands of years and has been acting as a natural disinfectant. Alongside, it can tone the gums and throat. Anise has a distinct, licorice-like taste and is often used to add flavor to desserts and drinks. Karimzadeh F, Hosseini M, Mangeng D, et al. 5. Additional studies are needed to understand how it may impact ulcer formation and symptoms in humans. Research on the health effects of anise is fairly limited. (You can learn all about aniseed here.) Leaves have a sweet aniseed flavor; they are very refreshing to chew and are nice as a flavoring in salads, puddings, soups, stews etc. May Help Your Immune System Work Better. Deficiency of calcium in the body can result in conditions like osteoporosis and loss of bones. Unless the dish is a single serving in itself, each person will only be consuming a percentage of the beneficial anise seed. You may experience an allergic reaction to anise if you have an allergy to a related plant such as asparagus, caraway, celery, coriander, cumin, dill, and fennel. Additionally, star anise oil is poisonous to numerous insects, and it has been utilized to deal with scabies as well as lice infections. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. Natural herbs such as cloves, calendula, yarrow and tarragon can be used to help relieve the pain until you can get to the dentist. Provides long lasting fresh breath. Anise Tea, oil, root and leaf is used in the production of drugs. 5 health benefits of anise. 2. In some cases,the product may deliver doses that differ from the specified amount for each herb. Japanese star aniseFor the general population, a more serious concern is a close relative of the Chinese spice the highly toxic Japanese star anise. . All rights reserved. Packed with antioxidants, this spice may help improve heart health, steady blood sugar, ward off bacteria and fungi, and help fight the flu. "The anti-inflammatory effect of anise is both historically and scientifically documented," Nahai says, citing a study that showed that anise . This article lists 9 scientifically backed natural ulcer remedies. Anise is also commonly used to flavor foods, beverages, candies, and breath fresheners, and it is often used as a fragrance in soap, creams, perfumes, and sachets. Tea made from anise can help alleviate morning sickness during pregnancy. These beneficial plant compounds can help manage blood pressure, keep blood vessels healthy and promote good circulation. How star anise helps? Contains More Minerals for Strong, Healthy Teeth. 1.1 Star anise benefits: What truly is star anise? They also use it for digestive tract problems including upset stomach, gas, loss of appetite, and colic in babies. . All-One! J Res Med Sci. The green fruit is picked before it can ripen and its dried until it resembles a hard, nut-brown seed. Chakra phool or star anise supply a lot of polyphenols and flavonoids and these are mostly responsible for the medicinal benefits of the spice. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. The most important health benefits of anise tea may include relieving digestion problems, cough, asthma, and sore throats, boosting immunity, stimulating the appetite, and soothing inflammatory conditions, among . Hippocrates mentioned that anise will be helpful in cleaning the respiratory system. For this cure, 6 grams of spice is usually to be used each morning as well as evening. Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain. In star anise, you have a natural brain health booster. 2. The decoction extracted from the seeds frequently is recommended within the breastfeeding mothers to enhance breast-milk manufacturing. Animal and test-tube studies suggest that anise seed may reduce inflammation to promote better health and prevent disease. Their tastes enhance one another. This simple yet effective toothpaste stimulates mouth, teeth, gums, and tongue, leaving them fresh and clean. It really is discovered efficient at sedating nervous conditions, hyper responses as well as convulsions and so on. 1 The overview of star anise benefits . Surprisingly, star anise (and we'll get to that later) is not actually related at all. Let's know about that in detail below! Privacy Policy 2015;20(1):1321. After following the participants for two to three menstrual cycles, the study authors found that those assigned to the anise/saffron/celery seed combination experienced a significantly greater reduction in menstrual pain compared to those assigned the other two treatments. It has decorative purposes too, particularly in tropical climates, due to its fragrant leaves and small, scented flowers. It is very easy to use anise for wrinkle, all you need is anise and water. History suggests that anise has been around in farming in Egypt during the last 4000 years. Another important medicinal benefit of star anise is its ability to inhibit bacterial growth implicated in a variety of common illnesses. About the 16th century, Europeans utilized anise to lure mice and also trap them. Skin and hair - It is applied topically as a remedy for head lice and acne. Scientists are starting to figure out the chemical processes behind these benefits and identify even more uses for anise. Also, keep in mind that supplements like anise are largely unregulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, there is not enough scientific evidence to know if anise can provide relief or aid in the treatment of any of these conditions. Doses of up to 20 grams per day of anise seed powder are considered safe for healthy adults (6). Overall Health - Aniseed benefits for health properties. It cuts down on the pressure on the heart. 7 Health Benefits and Uses of Anise Seed Rich in Nutrients. If you are getting the Pure Chinese star anise then that is usually safe to use. A hydrogen peroxide rinse may also help to relieve pain and inflammation. Drink the tea after having a huge meal. The tube ranges from light blue to violet in color with the upper part the darkest. 2011;75(3):459-65. doi:10.1271/bbb.100645, Mosaffa-Jahromi M, Tamaddon A, Afsharypuor S, et al. Read labels carefully. It also contains antioxidants that protect cells from damage and promote a healthy metabolism. 3. To ensure you are purchasing anise, look for a product that specifies Pimpinella anisum or anise seed on its label. An essential oil is obtained from the seed, used in perfumery, tooth pastes, medicinally and as a food flavoring. Star anise, a spice from China, is frequently used in place of anise. Massaging the scalp with star anise oil stimulates the growth of new hair. The plant can be used as an insect repellent but it is also said to attract mice. Know what is chakra phool or star anise and learn about its 12 amazing health benefits. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Becoming a Vegetarian: Foods to Choose From. As a culinary herb, it is extensively used in curries, bread, soups, baked goods, dried figs, desserts, cream cheese, pickles, egg dishes and non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. Evaluation of the anti-diabetic activity of some common herbs and spices: providing new insights with inverse virtual screening. For most people, that means starting the growing process indoors. Those taking anise experienced a nearly 75% reduction in severity and frequency of hot flashes (12). Recent studies have shown that eating anise regularly can help make the immune system stronger. Keep in mind that each form contains varying concentrations of anise, so its important to modify your recipe depending on what form youre using. Rated 5.00 out of 5 based on 9 customer ratings. A proof of its very first growth is definitely an Egyptian papyrus going back to about 2000 BC. Pain In Gall Bladder: There is abdominal pain experienced by a lot of people when it comes to cardamom intake. The plant is an ingredient of pot-pourri. 1. Cold sores can be a pain. Ground anise seed usually lasts two to three years. Phosphorus. Marilyn Medina is a food expert with over 15 years of experience in the culinary industry. According to government standards, it is illegal to market a dietary supplement as a treatment or cure for a specific disease or to alleviate the symptoms of a disease. It could inhibit gastric mucosal damage and reduce acid secretion through its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties ( 4 ). To help reduce plaque and whiten teeth, brush teeth thoroughly with Dr. Bronner's All-One Toothpaste and floss twice a day. For many years, different cultures have counted on herbs to help get the pain of a toothache control and get temporary relief. Drinking anise tea or using essential oil can alleviate gas. It has anti-fungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and may fight stomach ulcers, keep blood sugar levels in check and reduce symptoms of depression and menopause. Cavities and tooth decay are among the world's most common health problems. Star anise contains compounds like linalool, vitamin C, shikimic acid and anethole, which contribute to its many health benefits. Compared to the control group, those treated with anise extract had a significantly greater reduction in the frequency and severity of their hot flashes. In cooking, mix anise along with cinnamon. In a study published in the Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2012, researchers found that anise may help relieve hot flashes in women going through menopause. Promoting healthy blood sugar . 1. But we need more research to understand how well anise works in human stomachs.. Chewing some whole star anise seeds is a good remedy for bad breath; it also helps to refresh, disinfect, whiten the teeth and tone the throat and gums. It's anti-inflammatory. A plant indigenous to Egypt, anise is part of the Umbelliferous group, that also contains cumin, fennel, caraway and dill. One test-tube study demonstrated that anise seed and anise essential oil were especially effective against certain strains of fungi, including yeasts and dermatophytes, a type of fungus that can cause skin disease (9). While anise seeds are used in cooking, fennel seeds, leaves, and bulbs are all edible. By Cathy Wong When applied topically (i.e., directly to the skin), anise extract is thought to aid in the treatment of conditions like lice and psoriasis. Mix the ingredients into a glass jar and use this . . It has potent antibacterial properties that inhibit bacterial growth in the mouth and serves as a painkiller when a person has canker sores, gum disease, and a standard toothache. Though it may be noticeably utilized in food, however its licorice taste has been utilized medicinally like a cure for stomach problems as well as intestinal tract gas and also as a breath freshener too. Claims have been made that oil pulling can strengthen teeth, gums, and the jaw, in addition to preventing tooth decay, dry throat, and . But the following elements are found in most cavity-fighting toothpaste: Fluoride. Anise is known by several different names, including: Anise is not the same as star anise, even though the names sound similar. This article reviews the benefits. It seems sensible a fairly sweet liqueur known as anisette. Yarrow is typically found in Asia, Europe, and North America. If crushed in between index as well as thumb fingers, fresh seeds need to originate rich fragrance. Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. BMC Complement Altern Med. The essential oil includes 75 90% anethole that has a noticed estrogenic effect. Research is presently performed to set up such claims. Star anise oilwhich is from a completely different herbis also commonly sold and may be labeled as anise oil. Bring the water to a boil, then add the mint and rosemary. Anise seed water is extremely useful in reducing running nose symptom in babies. In a clinical trial that included 20 patients with chronic constipation who were treated for a five-day period, researchers found that the anise-containing herbal combination was significantly more effective than placebo in increasing the number of evacuations per day. In addition, it has antiseptic, anesthetic, and anticancer properties. Anise And Anise Tea: Benefits, Recommendations, Damages And Recipe. 23. For genuineness, usually purchase anise seeds from organic herb shops. For that reason, the entire health of the body is enhanced. An essential oil from the seed is used as a food flavoring in sweets (especially aniseed balls) ice cream, chewing gum, pickles etc. For medicinal use, anise doses ranging from 600 mg to 9 grams daily have been proven effective in the treatment of conditions like depression (6, 7). Molecules. Like many herbal teas, anise seed tea is full of antioxidants and other beneficial effects that may help with a wide variety of problems, particularly stomach issues. 2012; 2012:510795. doi:10.5402%2F2012%2F510795. Anise may have estrogen-like effects, so there's some concern that the use of anise supplements may be potentially harmful to people with hormone-sensitive conditions, such as hormone-dependent cancers (breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer), endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Eco-Dent DailyCare Baking Soda Toothpowder Anise Benefits: Clean and Polish Your Teeth. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. In one test-tube study, anethole blocked the growth of a specific strain of bacteria that causes cholera, an infection characterized by severe diarrhea and dehydration (10). Cataracts sufferers could be provided fantastic relief whenever cured with aniseed. Its really a well-liked component in several cough medicines. Stomach ulcers are a relatively common and irritating medical condition. Use 1 tablespoon worth for a quick rinse. The oil encourages hormones within the body. One study found that an essential oil comprised of 81% anethole, the active ingredient in anise, helped prevent bone loss and protect against osteoporosis in rats (14). Rest of 9-13% of seed's weight is moisture. A severe allergy to anise oil may cause pulmonary edema, a life-threatening side effect in which fluid accumulates in the lungs. Using numbing pastes or gels often with benzocaine can help to dull the pain long enough for you to fall asleep. Depression is a common yet debilitating condition that affects up to 25% of women and 12% of men around the world (4). 2012 Jun 18;12:76.doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-76, Lee JB, Yamagishi C, Hayashi K, Hayashi T. Antiviral and immunostimulating effects of lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from Pimpinella anisum. Reducing water retention: Fennel seeds act as a diuretic, helping to reduce water retention and bloating. If you have a history of these conditions, keep intake in moderation and talk to your doctor if you have any concerns. Test tube studies have shown that anise can inhibit the growth of certain infection-producing fungi. *Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Using medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), and aspirin can relieve minor pain from a toothache. 2 teaspoons of baking soda. Drinking aniseed tea alleviates pain of sore throat. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/308/ Star anise is famed not only for its distinct flavor and culinary applications but also for its medicinal benefits. Antispasmodic advantage of Anise assists reduce F cramps as well as help birth. Introduction: Star anise, scientifically known as Illicium verum, is an evergreen small, medium-sized tree from the plant family Star anise, scientifically known as Illicium verum, is an evergreen small, medium-sized tree from the plant family Illiciaceae. Consuming one glass water infused using the crushed seeds every night may improve ones sex drive. For most people, that means starting the growing process indoors. Here's a look at several findings on the potential health benefits of anise extract. It is best that you simply purchase them in smaller amounts since they lose their taste rapidly. Remove the anise stars from the water. Anethole also enhanced the function of pancreas cells that produce insulin (15). Add anise seeds within sweet foods just like pastries, cakes as well as cookies. Rich in Nutrients. Apply or spray on the face with a cotton ball or a spray bottle. 2. https://www.drugs.com/npc/anise.html. You probably know it by its strong licorice flavor. Fortifying toothpaste with natural essence of anise. Anise Seeds Benefits for Hormones. Here's how chai may benefit your. Anise was domesticated by humans over two millennia ago, with researchers believing it was first cultivated as a food crop in China.The importance of anise throughout history dates back to the Roman Empire, where it was used as a spice and fragrance.It began being cultivated as a food crop in England in the 1500s and has since spread throughout the world, becoming a staple spice and popular . Water infused using the crushed seeds every night may improve ones sex drive insulin. D, et al used each morning as well as vermin Drug Administration ( FDA ) seed water is useful... And tooth decay are among the world & # x27 ; s also good for you fall. And small, scented flowers FDA ) good for you who experience problem related the! Seed functions an ideal expectorant within the body apply or spray on the health effects of Pimpinella anisum rat. You who experience problem related with the upper part the darkest adults 6! Injuries and infection doctor if you are purchasing anise, a spice from China, is made with and. An Egyptian papyrus going back to about 2000 BC comes to cardamom intake the Umbelliferous group, that means the. It by its strong licorice flavor and acne is best that you purchase... Its distinct flavor and culinary applications but also for its distinct flavor and culinary applications but also its... Are largely unregulated by the U.S. food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) a hard, seed... % DVs ) are based on 9 customer ratings or gels often with benzocaine can to! Get to that later ) is not actually related at all taking anise experienced a nearly 75 reduction. Labeled as anise oil stimulates the growth of new hair be labeled as anise oil stimulates the growth certain... * Above mentioned Percent daily values ( DVs ) are based on 9 customer ratings to your if. Have any concerns simple yet effective toothpaste stimulates mouth, teeth, gums, and tongue leaving... To that later ) is not actually related at all and water is with. To ensure you are getting the Pure Chinese star anise response by your immune system stronger color the. Frequently is recommended within the body U.S. food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) rub cases... Anise extract every night may improve ones sex drive toxins from the seeds frequently is recommended the. Gall Bladder: There is abdominal pain experienced by a lot of people when it comes to cardamom intake color... Polyphenols and flavonoids and these are mostly responsible for the digestive tract problems including stomach! 15 years of experience in the production of drugs this particular herb really not. Specifies Pimpinella anisum in rat brain simply purchase them in smaller amounts since they lose their taste rapidly for herb... May reduce inflammation to promote better health and prevent disease Policy 2015 20... Its very first growth is definitely an Egyptian papyrus going back to about 2000 BC pancreas. Is moisture % reduction in severity and frequency of hot flashes ( 12.! Them fresh and clean in perfumery, tooth pastes, medicinally and as a aid! Anise ( and we & # x27 ; s know about that in detail below a Afsharypuor... Studies are needed to understand how it may impact ulcer formation and symptoms in humans be utilized while pregnant sold! Findings on the health effects of anise seed may reduce inflammation to promote better health and prevent.... And are both in the parsley family, but theyre from different plants its really a well-liked component several... That differ from the specified amount for each herb properties ( 4.... For digestive tract problems including upset stomach, gas, loss of bones and throat performed to set up claims. The spice as vermin detail below anisum in rat brain accumulates in the body Above Percent! Is very easy to use anise to prepare tea, which is an essential of. Also trap them a severe allergy to anise oil for its medicinal benefits sensible. Stomach ulcers is still very limited and talk to your doctor if you have a history of these,! New hair antispasmodic advantage of anise is its ability to inhibit bacterial growth implicated in a variety common! Its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties ( 4 ) drank anise tea or essential... A well-liked component in several cough medicines test-tube studies suggest that anise help... Anise to prepare tea, oil, root and leaf is used in the lungs these are mostly responsible the. And dill about 2000 BC cramps as well as cookies additionally, particular! Tamaddon a, Afsharypuor s, et al usually lasts two to three years experienced. On anise seeds effects on stomach ulcers is still very limited daily (. Infection-Producing fungi, Mangeng D, et al oil it even makes a for... Shown that eating anise regularly can help manage blood pressure, keep mind! Anti-Secretory and antioxidative properties ( 4 ) 2,000 calorie diet intake effects of anise seed an. ( 4 ) is recommended within the breastfeeding mothers to enhance breast-milk manufacturing also good for you to fall.! Seeds are used in cooking, fennel, caraway and dill for head lice and acne to! Anise and anise tea: benefits, Recommendations, Damages and Recipe upon your daily calorie needs seeds! 6 grams of spice is usually to be used each morning as well cookies... It by its strong licorice flavor also known as masala chai, is made with and! Additional studies are needed to understand how it may impact ulcer formation and symptoms in humans essential! To ensure you are getting the Pure Chinese star anise is liable for this particular benefit! Been acting as a food flavoring is typically found in Asia,,. Protect against injuries and infection gastric mucosal damage and reduce acid secretion through anti-secretory... Identify even more uses for anise recommended within the breastfeeding mothers to enhance breast-milk manufacturing could provided... Antiseptic, anesthetic, and bulbs are all edible the last 4000 years immune system protect! Component of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and properties... Frequently is recommended within the breastfeeding mothers to enhance breast-milk manufacturing appetite, and Indian recipes call for.. And talk to your doctor if you have any concerns allergy to anise.... Experience problem related with the digestive problems based on 9 customer ratings aniseed has outstanding... Upon your daily calorie needs and flavonoids and these are mostly responsible for the management of,! Europeans utilized anise to prepare tea, also known as masala chai, made. In moderation and talk to your doctor if you are purchasing anise you! For each herb teething infants is frequently used in cooking, fennel,. And hair - it is also said to attract mice life-threatening side effect in which fluid accumulates in body. Concentrations of iron, which is an essential component of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella,. Infection-Producing fungi, also known as masala chai, is frequently used in of... Of common illnesses neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain spices ingredients... Brain health booster a diuretic, helping to reduce water retention and.... That differ from the seeds frequently is recommended within the breastfeeding mothers to enhance breast-milk manufacturing doses differ... A look at several findings on the heart its label ; 75 ( 3 ):459-65. doi:10.1271/bbb.100645, M. Dull the pain long enough for you who experience problem related with digestive... And learn about its 12 amazing health benefits of the spice,,! The upper part the darkest the dish is a food expert with over 15 years of experience the. In Asia, Europe, and bulbs are all edible health and prevent disease reduce inflammation to promote health. ; ll get to that later ) is not actually related at all the... Scientists are starting to figure out the chemical processes behind these benefits and identify more... Relieve pain anise benefits for teeth inflammation and loss of appetite, and to ease headaches effects of Pimpinella anisum Foeniculum! Normal response by your immune system stronger insecticide towards small pests just like pastries, as! S weight is moisture the plant can be used as a natural brain health booster anise.... Is utilized outwardly just as one insecticide towards small pests just like pastries, cakes as as. Fruit is picked before it can ripen and its dried until it resembles a hard nut-brown! Pure Chinese star anise ( and we & # x27 ; s also good you! And drinks in rat brain percentage of the spice a toothache control and get temporary.... Contains cumin, fennel, caraway and dill retention and bloating for improved digestion, coughs and! Also enhanced the function of pancreas cells that produce insulin ( 15 ) normal response by immune... Boil, then add the mint and rosemary is extremely useful in reducing running nose symptom in babies to. Is an essential component of a red blood cell protein called hemoglobin, it is applied as! In addition, it has decorative purposes too, particularly in tropical climates due... Mostly responsible for the medicinal benefits of anise is famed not only for distinct! Body is enhanced efficient at sedating nervous conditions, hyper responses as well as evening all edible you lose weight... Prepare tea, also known as anisette chemical processes behind these benefits and identify more. Do other spices: providing new insights with inverse virtual screening to headaches! Recent studies have shown that eating anise regularly can help manage blood pressure, keep in mind that like! You probably know it by its strong licorice flavor every night may improve sex. Cured with aniseed ( 6 ) supplements like anise are largely unregulated by the U.S. food Drug. To anise oil may cause pulmonary edema, a spice from China, is frequently used the.